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1 flood and field
1) Общая лексика: вода и суша2) Макаров: море и суша -
2 by flood and field
by flood and fieldpor mar e por terra. -
3 flood
/flood/ * danh từ - lũ, lụt, nạn lụt =the Flood; Noah's Flood+ nạn Hồng thuỷ - dòng cuồn cuộn; sự tuôn ra, sự chảy tràn ra ((nghĩa đen) & (nghĩa bóng)) =floods of rain+ mưa như trút nước =a flood of tears+ nước mắt giàn giụa =a flood of words+ lời nói thao thao bất tuyệt - nước triều lên ((cũng) flood-tide) - (thơ ca) sông, suối biển =flood and field+ niển và đất - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ), (thông tục), (như) flood-light * ngoại động từ - làm lụt, làm ngập, làm ngập nước - làm tràn đầy, làm tràn ngập =to be flooded with light+ tràn ngập ánh sáng =to be flooded with invitention+ được mời tới tấp * nội động từ - ((thường) + in) ùa tới, tràn tới, đến tới tấp =letters flood in+ thư gửi đến tới tấp - (y học) bị chảy máu dạ con !to be flooded out - phải rời khỏi nhà vì lụt lội -
4 flood
1. n наводнение; половодье; разлив; разлитиеin flood — разлившаяся, затопившая берега
a flood bed — пойма, заливной луг
flash flood — ливневый паводок, внезапное наводнение
2. n библ. всемирный потоп3. n потокflood of light — море огней, поток света
flood of tears — море слёз, потоки слёз
4. n прилив5. n уст. поэт. река; море, океан6. n разг. мед. маточное кровотечениеto take at the flood — использовать возможность, не упустить случая
7. v заливать, затоплять8. v наводнять9. v устремиться, хлынуть потокомflood out — хлынуть, прорваться
10. v наполняться до краёв11. v выступать из берегов; подниматься12. v орошать13. v мед. страдать маточным кровотечением14. v тех. наполнять водойhigh flood — высокая вода; штормовой нагон
Синонимический ряд:1. cascade (noun) cascade; downpour; stream; torrent2. deluge (noun) cataclysm; cataract; deluge; drencher; flash flood; flooding; freshet; inundation; niagara; overflow; pour; spate; surge3. flow (noun) current; drift; flow; flux; rush; spate; tide4. glut (verb) glut; oversupply; over-supply; overwhelm; saturate5. inundate (verb) deluge; drench; drown; engulf; flow; immerse; inundate; overflow; submerge; swamp; wash; whelm6. pour (verb) pour; swarm; teem; throng; troopАнтонимический ряд:drought; ebb; empty; sprinkle; trickle -
5 flood
1. [flʌd] n1. 1) наводнение; половодье; разлив; разлитиеin flood - разлившаяся, затопившая берега (о реке и т. п.)
a flood bed /land/ - пойма, заливной луг
flood level - уровень наводнения или паводка
2) (the Flood) библ. всемирный потоп2. потокflood of light - море огней, поток света
flood of tears - море слёз, потоки слёз
3. прилив4. уст., поэт. (большая) река; море, океан5. разг. см. floodlight I6. мед. маточное кровотечение♢
at the flood - в удобный /благоприятный/ моментto take at the flood - использовать возможность, не упустить случая
to row against the flood - идти /плыть/ против течения
2. [flʌd] vto stem the flood - сдерживать, противодействовать, преградить путь
1. 1) заливать, затоплять2) наводнятьto flood with letters [inquiries] - забрасывать письмами [вопросами]
2. 1) устремиться, хлынуть потоком2) наполняться до краёв3) выступать из берегов (о реке и т. п.); подниматься ( об уровне воды)3. орошать4. мед. страдать маточным кровотечением5. тех. наполнять водой (трубы и т. п.) -
6 flood
1. noun1) (a great overflow of water: If it continues to rain like this, we shall have floods.) flom, oversvømmelse, høyvann2) (any great quantity: a flood of fan mail.) flom, hav2. verb(to (cause something to) overflow with water: She left the water running and flooded the kitchen.) sette under vann, oversvømme3. -lit verb(to light with floodlights.) flombelyse, opplyse- floodlit
- flood-tideflo--------flomIsubst. \/flʌd\/1) høyvann, flo2) oversvømmelse, flom3) ( overført) flod, strøm, vell, flom4) ( overført) bølge, hav5) ( hverdagslig) prosjektør, lyskaster, flomlysat the flood ( overført) i rette øyeblikkflood and field hav og landfloods strøm, flomin flood ( også overført) over sine bredderIIverb \/flʌd\/1) ( også overført) oversvømme, sette under vann2) bli oversvømt, bli overfylt3) gå over sine bredder, flomme over4) ( overført) flomme, strømme5) ( medisin) forklaring: ha kraftige blødninger fra livmorenflooded oversvømt, under vann, over sine bredder (om elv)vi holdt på å drukne i søknader \/ søknadene flommet inn over ossflooded out jaget av flomflood with light se ➢ light, 1 -
7 flood
1. noun1) (a great overflow of water: If it continues to rain like this, we shall have floods.) inundação2) (any great quantity: a flood of fan mail.) inundação2. verb(to (cause something to) overflow with water: She left the water running and flooded the kitchen.) inundar3. [-lit] verb(to light with floodlights.) iluminar- floodlit
- flood-tide* * *[fl∧d] n 1 inundação, enchente, cheia, dilúvio. 2 mar, oceano, lago, rio, grande quantidade de água, corrente de água. 3 fluxo, aguaceiro, chuvão, fluxo menstrual excessivo, grande abundância, chuvarada. 4 enchente, maré enchente. • vt+vi 1 inundar, submergir, alagar, transbordar. I was flooded with letters / fui inundado de cartas. 2 encher, fazer transbordar. 3 irrigar, banhar. 4 jorrar, diluviar, cair em torrentes. 5 afluir, subir (maré), invadir em tumulto. 6 mover-se em torrentes. 7 ter hemorragia uterina. a flood of light torrente de luz. a flood of tears torrente de lágrimas. a flood of words fluxo de palavras. by flood and field por mar e por terra. it is at the flood está subindo. the Flood o dilúvio. they come in floods eles vêm em bandos. to flood in fluir para dentro. to flood in upon someone derramar-se sobre alguém, inundar alguém. to flood out abandonar a casa por causa de uma enchente. -
8 flood
1. noun1) (a great overflow of water: If it continues to rain like this, we shall have floods.) poplava2) (any great quantity: a flood of fan mail.) poplava2. verb(to (cause something to) overflow with water: She left the water running and flooded the kitchen.) poplaviti3. [-lit] verb(to light with floodlights.) osvetliti (z žarometi)- floodlit
- flood-tide* * *I [flʌd]nounpoplava, potop, plima, valovi, ploha; figuratively obilje; poetically morje, rekathe tide is at the flood — plima je na višku, voda naraščaflood of words — ploha besed, puhlo besedovanjeII [flʌd]1.transitive verbpreplaviti, poplaviti, zaliti, namakati;2.intransitive verbnavaliti, gnesti se; medicine krvaveti (v maternici); imeti iztokto flood in upon — razliti se preko, poplaviti -
9 flood
1. n1) повінь, повідь; розлив, розлиття2) потік3) приплив (морський)4) поет. велика ріка, море, океан5) (the F.) бібл. всесвітній потоп6) мед. маткова кровотечаat the flood — у зручний (сприятливий) момент
to row against the flood — іти (пливти) проти течії
2. v1) заливати, затопляти2) наводняти3) виходити з берегів; підніматися (про рівень води); наповнюватися до країв; линути потоком4) зрошувати5) мед. хворіти на маткову кровотечу6) тех. наповнювати водою (труби тощо)* * *I [fled] n1) повінь, повідь; повіддя; розлив; розлиття; ( the Flood) бібл. Всесвітній потоп2) потік3) приплив5) див. floodlight I6) мeд. маткова кровотечаII [fled] v1) заливати, затопляти; наводняти2) ринути, линути потоком; наповнюватися до країв; виступати з берегів ( про ріку); підніматися ( про рівень води)3) зрошувати4) мeд. страждати на маткову кровотечу5) тex. наповнювати водою ( труби) -
10 flood
flʌd
1. сущ.
1) а) наводнение, потоп;
половодье;
паводок;
разлив a raging flood ≈ сильное наводнение a flood subsides ≈ вода спадает The flood inundated/struck several cities. ≈ Наводнение затопило несколько городов./От наводнения пострадало несколько городов. the Flood Noah's Flood б) подъем воды;
прилив;
переполнение в) поток, каскад;
струя Syn: stream, flow
2) перен. изобилие, избыток;
множество a flood of light ≈ море огней a flood of protest ≈ волна протеста, вспышка протеста A flood of cheap import has come into the shops. ≈ Огромное количество дешевого импорта наводнило магазины. Syn: abundance, plenty ∙ at the flood
2. гл.
1) прям. и перен. заливать, затоплять;
наполнять (тж. flood in/into/out) When I drew the curtains back, the sunlight flooded in. ≈ Когда я отдернул занавески, комнату залило светом. Letters of complaint are still flooding in. ≈ Жалобы продолжают прибывать. Syn: deluge, engulf, inundate, overwhelm, swamp
2) подниматься( об уровне реки) ;
выступать из берегов, разливаться
3) перен. поступить в изобилии, хлынуть потоком;
нахлынуть We have been flooded with responses to our advertisement. ≈ Мы получили поток откликов на наше объявление. Japanese cars have flooded the market. ≈ Японские автомобили наводнили рынок. Anger flooded him. ≈ На него нахлынул гнев.
4) мед. страдать маточным кровотечением наводнение;
половодье;
разлив;
разлитие - in * разлившаяся, затопившая берега (о реке и т. п.) - a * bed /land/ пойма, заливной луг - * flow расход паводка - * level уровень наводнения или паводка (the F.) (библеизм) всемирный потоп - before the F. в допотопные времена поток - * of rain потоки дождя - * of light море огней, поток света - * of tears море слез, потоки слез - * of words поток слов - *s of ink море чернил - golden * сноп солнечных лучей - * of callers поток посетителей прилив - ebb and * прилив и отлив( устаревшее) (большая) река;
море, океан - * and field море и суша( разговорное) широкая полоса света, заливающий свет( разговорное) прожектор (тж. * projector) (медицина) маточное кровотечение > at the * в удобный /благоприятный/ момент > to take at the * использовать возможность, не упустить случая > to row against the * идти /плыть/ против течения > to stem the * сдерживать, противодействовать, преградить путь заливать, затоплять - to * a burning house with water тушить горящий дом струями воды - to * with light заливать светом наводнять - to * with letters забрасывать письмами - troops *ed the countryside войска наводнили всю округу - he was *ed with invitations его засыпали приглашениями - to * the market наводнять рынок товарами (вызывая понижение цен) устремиться, хлынуть потоком наполняться до краев выступать из берегов (о реке и т. п.) ;
подниматься (об уровне воды) орошать - to * arable land орошать пахотные земли( медицина) страдать маточным кровотечением (техническое) наполнять водой (трубы и т. п.) ~ уст., поэт. море, озеро, река;
at the flood в удобный, благоприятный момент flood заливать ~ затоплять, наводнять ~ затоплять ~ уст., поэт. море, озеро, река;
at the flood в удобный, благоприятный момент ~ наводнение;
половодье;
паводок;
разлитие, разлив;
the Flood, Noah's Flood библ. всемирный потоп (тж. перен.) ~ наводнение;
половодье;
паводок;
разлитие, разлив;
the Flood, Noah's Flood библ. всемирный потоп (тж. перен.) ~ наводнение ~ подниматься (об уровне реки) ;
выступать из берегов;
the river is flooded by the rains река вздулась от дождей ~ поток, изобилие;
a flood of words поток слов;
a flood of tears потоки, море слез;
a flood of light море огней;
a flood of anger волна гнева ~ прилив;
подъем воды ~ мед. страдать маточным кровотечением ~ устремиться, хлынуть потоком ~ поток, изобилие;
a flood of words поток слов;
a flood of tears потоки, море слез;
a flood of light море огней;
a flood of anger волна гнева ~ поток, изобилие;
a flood of words поток слов;
a flood of tears потоки, море слез;
a flood of light море огней;
a flood of anger волна гнева ~ поток, изобилие;
a flood of words поток слов;
a flood of tears потоки, море слез;
a flood of light море огней;
a flood of anger волна гнева ~ поток, изобилие;
a flood of words поток слов;
a flood of tears потоки, море слез;
a flood of light море огней;
a flood of anger волна гнева ~ наводнение;
половодье;
паводок;
разлитие, разлив;
the Flood, Noah's Flood библ. всемирный потоп (тж. перен.) ~ подниматься (об уровне реки) ;
выступать из берегов;
the river is flooded by the rains река вздулась от дождей -
11 flood
s priliv, plima; potop, poplava, povodanj; tok; bujica; valovi; [fig] bujica pljusak; [poet] rijeka, poplava, more / # and field = more i kopno; # of tears (words) = bujica, rijeka, more suza (riječi); [bibl] the Flood = opći potop; to come in a # = pojaviti se u velikom broju* * *
bujica
poplava
poplaviti
potop
preplaviti -
12 flood
1.
noun1) (a great overflow of water: If it continues to rain like this, we shall have floods.) inundación2) (any great quantity: a flood of fan mail.) torrente, avalancha
2. verb(to (cause something to) overflow with water: She left the water running and flooded the kitchen.) inundar
3. -lit verb(to light with floodlights.) iluminar- floodlit
- flood-tide
flood1 n inundaciónflood2 vb inundar / inundarsetr[flʌd]1 (overflow of water) inundación nombre femenino2 (of river) riada1 (river) desbordarse2 figurative use (cover, fill) invadir, inundar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto flood the market inundar el mercado, saturar el mercadoto be in floods of tears llorar a maresflood ['flʌd] vt: inundar, anegarflood n1) inundation: inundación f2) torrent: avalancha f, diluvio m, torrente ma flood of tears: un mar de lágrimasn.• arriada s.f.• arroyada s.f.• diluvio s.m.• inundación s.f.• llena s.f.• riada s.f.• riolada s.f.v.• anegar v.• aplayarse v.• desbordar v.• enaguazar v.• inundar v.flʌd
I
a) ( of water) (often pl) inundación f; ( caused by river) inundación f, riada fto be in full flood — \<\<river\>\> estar* desbordado; \<\<speaker\>\> estar* en pleno discurso or (pey) en plena perorata; (before n)
b) (of complaints, calls, letters) avalancha f, diluvio m; ( of people) avalancha f, riada f
II
1.
a) \<\<field/town\>\> inundar, anegar*b) ( Auto) \<\<engine\>\> ahogar*c) ( overwhelm) inundarwe've been flooded with applications — nos han inundado de solicitudes, nos han llovido las solicitudes
to flood the market with imports — ( Busn) inundar el mercado de productos importados
2.
via) \<\<river/sewers\>\> desbordarse; \<\<mine/basement\>\> inundarseb) ( Auto) ahogarse*c) (+ adv compl) \<\<people/crowd\>\>to flood in — \<\<sunshine/light\>\> entrar a raudales
d) \<\<emotion\>\>memories came flooding back — los recuerdos se agolparon en su (or mi etc) memoria
Phrasal Verbs:[flʌd]1.N [of water] inundación f ; (in river) avenida f ; [of words, tears] torrente m ; (=flood tide) pleamar fthe Flood — (Rel) el Diluvio
2.VT (Aut) (gen) inundarto flood the market with sth — inundar or saturar el mercado de algo
we have been flooded with applications — nos han llovido las solicitudes, nos han inundado de solicitudes
3.VI [river] desbordarse4.CPDflood control N — medidas fpl para controlar las inundaciones
flood damage N — daños mpl causados por las inundaciones
flood defences (Brit) N — protecciones fpl contra las inundaciones
flood tide N — pleamar f, marea f creciente
- flood in* * *[flʌd]
I
a) ( of water) (often pl) inundación f; ( caused by river) inundación f, riada fto be in full flood — \<\<river\>\> estar* desbordado; \<\<speaker\>\> estar* en pleno discurso or (pey) en plena perorata; (before n)
b) (of complaints, calls, letters) avalancha f, diluvio m; ( of people) avalancha f, riada f
II
1.
a) \<\<field/town\>\> inundar, anegar*b) ( Auto) \<\<engine\>\> ahogar*c) ( overwhelm) inundarwe've been flooded with applications — nos han inundado de solicitudes, nos han llovido las solicitudes
to flood the market with imports — ( Busn) inundar el mercado de productos importados
2.
via) \<\<river/sewers\>\> desbordarse; \<\<mine/basement\>\> inundarseb) ( Auto) ahogarse*c) (+ adv compl) \<\<people/crowd\>\>to flood in — \<\<sunshine/light\>\> entrar a raudales
d) \<\<emotion\>\>memories came flooding back — los recuerdos se agolparon en su (or mi etc) memoria
Phrasal Verbs: -
13 вода
1. waterвода за пиене drinking waterрозова/гюлова вода rose waterнапълнен с вода (за плавателен съд) waterloggedтой остана под водата колкото можа (да издържи) he kept underwater as long as he couldплувам под вода swim under waterзапочвам да пропускам вода (за лодка и пр.) spring a leak2. (водно пространство) waters; expanse of waterвода и суша land and water, flood and fieldвърви ми като по вода it is plain sailing; be in smooth water; get on like a house on fire, everything goes like one o'clockвода газя, жаден ходя lack amidst plentyзнам си урока като по вода know o.'s lesson off pat; have o.'s lesson perfect(пази се от) тиха вода still waters run deepподливам някому вода, мътя някому вода та give s.o. the slip; put a spoke in s.o.'s wheelполивам с вряла/студена вода cast a chill overчувствувам се като риба във вода feel quite at ease/at home; be (as happy) as a clam (at high tide); be in o.'s element* * *вода̀,ж., само ед. и водѝ само мн.1. water; шег. Adam’s ale; борова \вода boric solution/water; вземам \вода (за локомотив, параход и пр.) water; take in fresh water; \вода за пиене drinking water, tap water; газирана \вода soda water; започвам да пропускам \вода (за лодка и пр.) spring a leak; морска \вода sea-water; налог/такса за \вода water rate; напълнен с \вода (за плавателен съд) water-logged; розова/гюлова \вода rose water; светена \вода holy water; сладка \вода fresh/sweet water; течаща \вода running water; тиха \вода still water;2. ( водно пространство) waters; expanse of water; \вода и суша land and water, flood and field; • \вода газя, жаден ходя lack amidst plenty; върви ми като по \вода it is plain sailing; be in smooth water; get on like a house on fire, everything goes like one o’clock; go like a dream; зная по \вода have at o.’s finger-tips; знам си урока като по \вода know o.’s lesson off pat; have o.’s lesson perfect; като по \вода swimmingly; like one o’clock; кръвта \вода не става blood is thicker than water; много \вода изтече от тогава much water flowed/ran under the bridge since then; в мътна \вода риба ловя fish in troubled waters; наливам \вода в чужда воденица bring grist to s.o. else’s mill, play s.o.’s hands; пази се от тиха \вода still waters run deep; пия \вода от извора have s.th. from sure source, разг. have it straight from the horse’s mouth; подливам някому \вода, мътя някому \водата give s.o. the slip; put a spoke in s.o.’s wheel, put the skids under s.o.; поливам с вряла/студена \вода cast a chill over; тихите води са най-дълбоки still waters run deep; чувствам се като риба във \вода feel quite at ease/at home; be (as happy) as a clam (at high tide); be in o.’s element/on o.’s own ground.* * *mineral water (минерална); wash (тоалетна); water: drinking вода - вода за пиене* * *1. (водно пространство) waters;expanse of water 2. (пази се от) тиха ВОДА still waters run deep 3. water 4. ВОДА газя, жаден ходя lack amidst plenty 5. ВОДА за пиене drinking water 6. ВОДА и суша land and water, flood and field 7. борова ВОДА boric solution/water 8. в мътна ВОДА риба ловя fish in troubled waters 9. вземам ВОДА (за локомотив, параход и пр.) water;take in fresh water 10. върви ми като по ВОДА it is plain sailing;be in smooth water;get on like a house on fire, everything goes like one o'clock 11. газирана ВОДА soda water 12. дъждовна ВОДА rain-water 13. започвам да пропускам ВОДА (за лодка и пр.) spring a leak 14. знам си урока като по ВОДА know o.'s lesson off pat;have o.'s lesson perfect 15. зная по ВОДА have at o.'s finger-tips 16. изворна ВОДА spring water 17. като по ВОДА swimmingly;like one o'clock 18. кръвта ВОДА не става вж. кръв 19. минерална ВОДА mineral water 20. много ВОДА изтече от тогава much water has flowed/run under the bridge since then 21. морска ВОДА sea-water 22. наливам ВОДА в чужда воденица bring grist to s. o. else's mill, play into s. о/д hands 23. напълнен с ВОДА (за плавателен съд) waterlogged 24. пия ВОДА от извора have s. th. from a sure source, разг. have it straight from the horse's mouth 25. плувам под ВОДА swim under water 26. подливам някому ВОДА, мътя някому ВОДА та give s. o. the slip;put a spoke in s.o.'s wheel 27. поливам с вряла/студена ВОДА cast a chill over 28. розова/гюлова ВОДА rose water 29. светена ВОДА holy water 30. сладка ВОДА fresh/sweet water 31. текуща ВОДА running water 32. тиха ВОДА still water 33. той остана под ВОДАта колкото можа (да издържи) he kept underwater as long as he could 34. чувствувам се като риба във ВОДА feel quite at ease/at home;be (as happy) as a clam (at high tide); be in o.'s element -
14 вода и суша
General subject: flood and field -
15 море и суша
Makarov: flood and field -
16 суша
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17 суша
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18 period
1) период, промежуток, интервал2) цикл3) продолжительность, длительность4) полигр., вчт. точка5) матем. период•-
acceleration period
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admission period
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afterblowing period
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aircraft service period
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base period
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blocking period
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brake-in period
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braking period
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building-up period
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bum-back period
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bum-in period
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calibration period
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choke-on period
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clock period
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coasting period
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color Durst period
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combustion period
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commutating period
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conducting period
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constant failure-rate period
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contact period
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cooling-down period
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cranking period
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crew rest period
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curing period
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cutoff period
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cutting period
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cycle-slip period
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damping period
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debugging period
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delay period
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demonstration period
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deoxidation period
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depreciation period
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development period
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digit period
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domain period
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drilling rig on-stream period
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dwell period
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early failure period
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eclipse period
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electrocarbonization period
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electrolinking period
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emergency period
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encounter period
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exhaust period
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fading periods
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fading period
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field blanking period
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field period
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field-scanning period
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film advancing period
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film dwell period
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flash period
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flashing period
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flight duty period
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flood period
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flush-off period
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forecast period
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frame-scanning period
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frame period
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free period
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free-running period
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freezing period
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fringe period
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frost-free period
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fuel-off period
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half-decay period
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half-life period
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half-value period
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heat deficit period
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heat surplus period
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heat utilization period
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heating period
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heating-up period
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heaving period
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high-water period
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holding period
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holdover period
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horizontal scanning period
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horizontal period
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hunting period
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ice-free period
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idle period
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ignition delay period
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infant mortality period
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initial storage period
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injection period
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intake period
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interstep period
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inverse period
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killing period
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latency period
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limiting storage period
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line-scanning period
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line period
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loading period
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look-ahead period
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low-flow period
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natural heaving period
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natural period
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natural pitching period
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natural rolling period
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natural synoptic period
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obscuring period
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off period
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off-peak period
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on period
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one-half period
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on-off period
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operating period
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oscillation period
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overshoot period
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patent period
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peak-load period
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peak period
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period of decimal
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period of flame drop
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period of flood and ebb
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period of oscillation
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period of validity
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picture period
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pitching period
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pitch period
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plugging period
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preheating period
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prerefining period
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presetting period
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presteaming period
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process period
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pulldown period
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pulse repetition period
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pumping period of well production
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rainless period
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reactor period
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recession period
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recovery period
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refining period
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refrigerating period
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regeneration period
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reverberation period
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rolling period
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roll period
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rotation period
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run period
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running-in period
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runoff period
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sampling period
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scavenge period
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service life period
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service maintenance period
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settled production period
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shaping-up period
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shifting period
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slack period
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snowmelt period
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soaking period
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soak period
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standing period
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starting period
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start-up period
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storage cycle period
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storage period
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switching period
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taking-down period
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tap-to-tap period
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test period
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thousands period
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timing period
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transient period
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unit period
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unloading period
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vertical scanning period
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vertical scan period
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vibration period
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video frame-suppression period
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warm-up period
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warranty period
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wave period
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wear-out failure period
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window period -
19 Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. c. 1590 St Maartensdijk, Zeeland, the Netherlandsd. 4 February 1656 probably London, England[br]Dutch/British civil engineer responsible for many of the drainage and flood-protection schemes in low-lying areas of England in the seventeenth century.[br]At the beginning of the seventeenth century, several wealthy men in England joined forces as "adventurers" to put their money into land ventures. One such group was responsible for the draining of the Fens. The first need was to find engineers who were versed in the processes of land drainage, particularly when that land was at, or below, sea level. It was natural, therefore, to turn to the Netherlands to find these skilled men. Joachim Liens was one of the first of the Dutch engineers to go to England, and he started work on the Great Level; however, no real progress was made until 1621, when Cornelius Vermuyden was brought to England to assist in the work.Vermuyden had grown up in a district where he could see for himself the techniques of embanking and reclaiming land from the sea. He acquired a reputation of expertise in this field, and by 1621 his fame had spread to England. In that year the Thames had flooded and breached its banks near Havering and Dagenham in Essex. Vermuyden was commissioned to repair the breach and drain neighbouring marshland, with what he claimed as complete success. The Commissioners of Sewers for Essex disputed this claim and whthheld his fee, but King Charles I granted him a portion of the reclaimed land as compensation.In 1626 Vermuyden carried out his first scheme for drainage works as a consultant. This was the drainage of Hatfield Chase in South Yorkshire. Charles I was, in fact, Vermuyden's employer in the drainage of the Chase, and the work was undertaken as a means of raising additional rents for the Royal Exchequer. Vermuyden was himself an "adventurer" in the undertaking, putting capital into the venture and receiving the title to a considerable proportion of the drained lands. One of the important elements of his drainage designs was the principal of "washes", which were flat areas between the protective dykes and the rivers to carry flood waters, to prevent them spreading on to nearby land. Vermuyden faced bitter opposition from those whose livelihoods depended on the marshlands and who resorted to sabotage of the embankments and violence against his imported Dutch workmen to defend their rights. The work could not be completed until arbiters had ruled out on the respective rights of the parties involved. Disagreements and criticism of his engineering practices continued and he gave up his interest in Hatfield Chase. The Hatfield Chase undertaking was not a great success, although the land is now rich farmland around the river Don in Doncaster. However, the involved financial and land-ownership arrangements were the key to the granting of a knighthood to Cornelius Vermuyden in January 1628, and in 1630 he purchased 4,000 acres of low-lying land on Sedgemoor in Somerset.In 1629 Vermuyden embarked on his most important work, that of draining the Great Level in the fenlands of East Anglia. Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford, was given charge of the work, with Vermuyden as Engineer; in this venture they were speculators and partners and were recompensed by a grant of land. The area which contains the Cambridgeshire tributaries of the Great Ouse were subject to severe and usually annual flooding. The works to contain the rivers in their flood period were important. Whilst the rivers were contained with the enclosed flood plain, the land beyond became highly sought-after because of the quality of the soil. The fourteen "adventurers" who eventually came into partnership with the Earl of Bedford and Vermuyden were the financiers of the scheme and also received land in accordance with their input into the scheme. In 1637 the work was claimed to be complete, but this was disputed, with Vermuyden defending himself against criticism in a pamphlet entitled Discourse Touching the Great Fennes (1638; 1642, London). In fact, much remained to be done, and after an interruption due to the Civil War the scheme was finished in 1652. Whilst the process of the Great Level works had closely involved the King, Oliver Cromwell was equally concerned over the success of the scheme. By 1655 Cornelius Vermuyden had ceased to have anything to do with the Great Level. At that stage he was asked to account for large sums granted to him to expedite the work but was unable to do so; most of his assets were seized to cover the deficiency, and from then on he subsided into obscurity and poverty.While Cornelius Vermuyden, as a Dutchman, was well versed in the drainage needs of his own country, he developed his skills as a hydraulic engineer in England and drained acres of derelict flooded land.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1628.Further ReadingL.E.Harris, 1953, Vermuyden and the Fens, London: Cleaver Hume Press. J.Korthals-Altes, 1977, Sir Cornelius Vermuyden: The Lifework of a Great Anglo-Dutchman in Land-Reclamation and Drainage, New York: Alto Press.KM / LRDBiographical history of technology > Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius
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20 operation
1. операция, действие, рабочий процесс; обслуживание, управление2. цикл [процесс] обработки3. разработка, эксплуатация4. режим
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1. операция; действие; работа; эксплуатация3. обслуживание— in operation
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обслуживание, управление ( машиной); работа, цикл обработки
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действие, операция (математическая или физическая, обычно обозначаемая некоторым символом; операциями являются дифференцирование, интегрирование, свёртка, преобразование Фурье, взаимная корреляция и т.п); 2) деятельность; разработка
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1) операция; действие; работа; эксплуатация (<<машины>)2) срабатывание ( устройства)4) обслуживание•in operation — в процессе работы; в эксплуатации;
operations inspected — число проверенных операций;
to be out of operation — находиться в неисправном состоянии;
- operation of seismic data exchangeto put a plant into operation — вводить установку в эксплуатацию;
- abnormal operation
- accident-free operation
- air-gaslift well operation
- airlift well operation
- artificial-lift well operation
- bit operation
- bit off-center operation
- breakout operation
- cased-hole operations
- cementing operations
- commercial operation
- completion operations
- construction-and-assembling operations
- continuous flowing well operation
- continuous gaslift well operation
- cyclic storage operation
- debris-free operation
- degraded operation
- depth-probing operations
- drilling operation
- drilling-and-blasting operations
- drilling-in operation
- drop weight operations
- dry land operation
- emergency operation
- failed operation
- fail-safe operation
- failure-free operation
- fault-free operation
- field operation
- finite reflux operation
- fishing operations
- flashing operation
- flowing well operation
- fueling operation
- gas-injection operation
- gaslift well operation
- gas-scrubbing operation
- gas-washing operation
- gas-welding operations
- gate valves operation
- graceful operation
- handling operations
- hole straightening operations
- hydraulic fracturing operation
- hydropacker plunger lift well operation
- infinite reflux operation
- intermittent flowing well operation
- intermittent gaslift well operation
- kick-killing operation
- launchway operation
- logging operation
- makeup operation
- mapping operation
- mild-duty operation
- milling operations
- multiduty operation
- multiple-stream operation
- natural pressure gaslift well operation
- no-failure operation
- nonresiduum operation
- nonstop operation
- offshore operations
- oil spotting operation
- one-way operation
- parallel operation
- partial reflux operation
- pilot operation
- positioned operation
- pressure-testing operation
- primary operation
- prior operation
- producing operation
- products pipeline operation
- radioactive tracer operations
- reliability assurance operation
- repair operations
- repair-and-renewal operations
- rig operation
- rig-down operations
- rig-up operations
- round-the-clock operation
- round-trip operation
- running operation
- safe operation
- salvage operation
- sand washing operation
- seismic operations
- seismic logging operations
- seismic processing operation
- series operation
- shooting operations
- shot operations
- shot-firing operation
- sidetracking operation
- sighting operation
- stacking operation
- steam injection operation
- straight gaslift well operation
- successful operation
- survey operation
- system operation
- tank-truck loading operation
- test operation
- total reflux operation
- tripping operation
- trouble-free operation
- unattended operation
- undisturbed operation
- unit operation of field
- uphole shooting operation
- velocity-analysis operation
- Vibroseis operations
- washover fishing operations
- water flood operation
- water injection operation
- weight-dropping operation
- well operation
- well operation without pumping derrick
- well-logging operations
- well-service operation
- well-surveying operation
- well-workover operation
- wireline operation
- wireline fishing operations
- wireline remedial operations
- wireline workover operations* * *Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > operation
См. также в других словарях:
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Flood, Curtis Charles — ▪ 1998 American baseball player (b. Jan. 18, 1938, Houston, Texas d. Jan. 20, 1997, Los Angeles, Calif.), challenged the major league player reserve system in court and, though he lost his suit, paved the way for players to become free… … Universalium
flood — /flʌd / (say flud) noun 1. a great flowing or overflowing of water, especially over land not usually submerged. 2. any great outpouring or stream: a flood of words; a flood of tears; a flood of light; a flood of lava. 3. the flowing in of the… …
flood|light — «FLUHD LYT», noun, verb, light|ed or lit, light|ing. –n. 1. a lamp that gives a broad beam of light: »Silhouetted by its own 98 floodlights, the Capitol is white and serene against the winter night sky (Newsweek) … Useful english dictionary
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Field (agriculture) — In agriculture, the word field refers generally to an area of land enclosed or otherwise and used for agricultural purposes such as: Cultivating crops Usage as a paddock or, generally, an enclosure of livestock Land left to lie fallow or as… … Wikipedia
Flood-meadow — A flood meadow (or floodmeadow) is an area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. Flood meadows are distinct from water meadows in that the latter are artificially created and maintained, with flooding controlled on … Wikipedia
Curt Flood — Flood in 1971 Center fielder Born: January 18, 1938(1938 01 18) Houston, Texas Died: January 20, 1997 … Wikipedia